The quality of the public arena of Iranian cities is very low, except for a few. The central areas of cities are also in a much more deplorable situation, so much so that in the management space of cities, it is known as worn-out tissue. The familiar face of these residential areas, despite their many advantages and goes back to their historical background and identity throughout the city, ruined buildings, polluted alleys and unsafe passages. Residents migrate as soon as they can. The local economy is stagnant except for market edges. Renovation and repairs are not attractive, land and property are cheap, the social and cultural conditions is at an all-time low, and municipal service infrastructure is either incomplete or defective. Therefore, urban spaces should be at the heart of planning, considering the promotion of security through design in order to combat crime and create security in society. This approach should be considered both during and after the renovation operation. When development is complete, the main opportunity to include crime prevention measures is lost if neglect is made to make definable dilapidated urban spaces negligible. And the cost of remediation and poor development is much higher than the cost of doing the steps at the beginning.

We show that the category of convergence approach spaces is a simultaneously re ective and core ective subcategory of the category of latticevalued limit spaces. Further we study the preservation of diagonal conditions, which characterize approach spaces. It is shown that the category of preapproach spaces is a simultaneously re ective and core ective subcategory of the category of lattice-valued pretopological spaces and that the category of approach spaces is a core ective subcategory of a category of lattice-valued topological convergence spaces.

Trace of quotient spaces is usually seen wherever there is a study of a linear structure. In linear spaces, we use subspaces and their corresponding equivalence relation to define quotient spaces. With the same method, in this paper, we present two generalized structures of quotient space that are defined on quasilinear spaces. One of them is a quasilinear space and the other is a linear space. After that, we try to introduce norms on certain states of these spaces and examin some properties of them. We will also provide examples for better understanding throughout the process.

The role of design in ensuring safety and security in the residential environment is more than ever before. This means that the necessary tools should be provided to create some self-surveillance capabilities in the environment. The physical environment should be designed in such a way that opportunities for residents have improved monitoring and in turn, reduce the opportunities for criminal acts. But sometimes due to inappropriate use of architectural elements and ignorance designers from the effects of these elements on the environment, such features taken from the environment or are weakened. This study examines the impact of security on the courtyard walls of the inhabitants of the villages of Turkmen folk in Gonbad-e Kavus. Based on preliminary studies and theoretical frameworks to make the content more secure homes with transparent walls around the courtyard with solid walls courtyards, led increase residents' fear of crime in proportion to the increase of wall rigidity. The following hypotheses were considered for this study: It seems that the visual openness wall has an impact on the security perceived by residents. It also increases the rigidity of the wall of the yard. A sense of isolation and vulnerability of the residents and houses increase fear of crime inside them. In this study, one of the villages in the Turkmen city of Gonbad-e Kavus has been chosen as the study sample. The research methodology is Non-interference observation and a questionnaire package. Since the independent variable is continuous and quantitative, we could record it at the location. Some of the physical characteristics of the study area are needed to conduct a research on. Observation and records of the condition of the walls of the courtyard are done. On the other hand, the security (both physical and mental) and on related issues such as crime rate, residents' sense of security, spatial and temporal characteristics of the crime and so on, are not measurable through observation, hence closed questionnaire has been prepared for this purpose. The research method is descriptive analysis, correlating and considering the objectives applicableThe vulnerability of both types of houses with transparent walls and homes with rigid walls and the impact of each on the rate of sense of security and the fear of crime in their residents were evaluated. Both the data gathered from observation and questionnaires were distributed and collected after completion, logical reasoning and statistical analysis were evaluated. The analysis showed that the existence of a type of the security wall for units and residential of neighborhoods in the villages of Turkmen in Gonbad-e Kavus has a significant positive impact. In other words, with increasing visual openness of courtyard wall of rural house, security and safety of house resident’ s increases. In the past, rural house without the yard has provided more security for residents and the rate of occurrence of crime in the countryside to reduce the intensity. Today, adding the walls of the courtyard to rural houses as an imitation of cities and villages have been experiencing insecurity. The type of constructed wall based on the amount of transparency effect on affect the rate of home security not to mention their resident security. The results showed that not always building tall rigid walls around the rural houses in a naturally virgin environment comes with security. Otherwise, in places where self-surveillance is less natural and more difficult, their high walls attractive to thieves and thus constituting a threat to the security of the houses and its residents. Also, most importantly than security is a sense of security that people feel relaxed and free from all fear and anxiety caused by the state.

Shahriar Mandanipour is one of the contemporary writers who was experimental in structure and form. For this reason, the reader is challenged with spaces in his stories that are essentially an arrangement of mixed and various spaces. Dealing with this type of space in a theoretical and sometimes practical way can be observed in Michel Foucault's approach, which he calls it heterotopian or other spaces. In this regard, this study first describes these types of spaces through writings of Foucault and other thinkers who have explored in this field. Then, it analyzes these spaces in the fiction of Mandanipour including Mummy and Honey, Midday Moon, Violet Orient, and Ultramarine Blue. This study concludes that Mandanipour, by bringing up such spaces in his stories, points to the hidden truth behind the homogenous structure of one space. Moreover, introducing a new way and knowledge beyond the limitations in homogeneous spaces, heterotopian spaces help the characters from the limitations not only in understanding themselves but also the world. Extended Abstract The different narrative language of Shahriar Mandanipour is perhaps the most characteristic of his story writing that calls attention to the first reading. This feature is due to his interest in structure and form, which is often expected from modern storytellers because they attempt to free themselves from established structures so as to mix a new structure with the old one for their new experiences. Assuming that their type of vision cannot be offered in traditional structures, he has developed a language in storytelling that distinguishes him from any other writer and creates a unique story space in the range of this language, as the author himself points out: “Language is the purpose of writing. Therefore, it is not a means for writing stories, and the author must be able to create a range of different languages” (conversation with Shahriar Mandanipour, 2012). This convergence of different languages makes his prose complicated and sometimes unrealistic, but at the same time, it allows the author to bring almost disparate worlds together. For this reason, in his stories, the border between reality and fantasy merges, and the reader's entry into the story is like entering a labyrinth of uncertain boundaries, and this is the result of the author's experimentalism in writing stories. Now, as Mir Abedini (1998, p. 74) emphasizes: “From his very first stories, he showed that he has a thought and tries to find a suitable structure and tone for this thought, and through experiencing the form, he reaches a new understanding of reality”. The world that Shahryar Mandanipour creates in his fictional works is sometimes derived from dreams and is hyper-realistic and sometimes from myth, folklore and Iranian culture, which is special in its way and plays a significant role in the development of Iranian fiction literature. The mixing of apparently dissimilar worlds can be considered one of the most basic narrative features of this storyteller. This study attempts to shed light on space and place in the stories of Mandanipur. In so doing, this study relies on the methodology of geocriticim or spatial studies. Then, heterotopias or other spaces are described, which are influenced by Michel Foucault, in order to explain and discuss the appearance of such spaces in Mandanipour's stories. Michel Foucault's heterotopian spaces have had an important impact on space-place studies. Introducing heterotopia versus utopia as a space that challenges the knowledge of homogeneous spaces. Placing these spaces together and revealing their internal contradictions can be considered a critical reading. This is Foucault's approach in continuation of his discussion about the opposition of power and resistance, which according to him, in every discourse of power, a conflicting and challenging discourse is formed, even though it is on the sidelines. Shahriar Mandanipour, a contemporary Iranian writer makes literary use of these spaces in his stories, which is a result of his new approach to modern and experimental writing. Desert, prison, library, book and literary space, cemetery, cinema, theater, cafe, hotel, park, table, and so forth are examples of heterotopian spaces in his stores. In these spaces, the characters of his stories seek to overcome life's crises, which are often tied to death, love, tradition, politics and power. These spaces help them to challenge the homogenous spaces because they already have limited their understanding of self and the world. These heterotopian spaces in his stories are sometimes of a critical and sacred type; sometimes of the type of spaces that are for those who do not follow the rules of society and are deviant in a way; sometimes the functions of these spaces undergo changes in the form of context and time; sometimes they challenge time; sometimes it is an illusion and to cover the lack of homogenous spaces; and sometimes it is of the type of space of literature, all of which have significant impact on the lives and thoughts of the characters in the stories. The use of these spaces in the writings reviewed in this article is in line with Mandanipour's desire to create a new style in writing, and somehow these spaces help Mandanipour to have a special and different style. Mandanipour's other writings, such as The Courage of Love (1998), Censoring an Iranian Love Story (2009), Moon Brow (2018), and Seasons of Purgatory (2022) also contain heterotopian spaces that can be the subject of further studies.

Introduction: Unprotected urban spaces are a threat to the security of citizens. Therefore, their organization is essential for the promotion of social security. The purpose of the present study is to explore and analyze the relationship between urban Defensible spaces and environmental variables. Methodology: The research area is Ardebil Municipality District 3. Urban independent spaces include 172 independent variable locations of this study identified through field surveys. Exploratory variables included population and building density, income groups, passage network quality, physical texture of urban textures, social cohesion of neighborhoods, land and building prices, and land use. GIS techniques such as mean center method, standard deviation ellipse, spatial autocorrelation for spatial analysis and geographic regression method were used to explain the correlation between variables. Findings: Crime spaces occur in less extensive areas and tend to focus within certain areas of Region 3. The number of these spaces decreases to the north and south. Also, these defenseless spaces have spatial self-correlation and are distributed as clusters and imbalances at the regional level. As a result, certain ranges are the focus of the defenseless spaces studied and follow the centralized pattern. Also, there is a significant relationship between 8 environmental variables studied in the study of defenseless urban spaces in the 3rd district of Ardabil city. Results: Research findings show that there is a significant relationship between Defensible spaces and environmental variables. The result is that environmental variables have a direct impact on the formation and growth or destruction and elimination of defenseless spaces.

In this paper, the concept of a pseudosymmetric space which is a natural generalization of the concept of a symmetric space is defined. All basic concepts such as the Luxemburg representation theorem, the Boyd indices, the fundamental function and its properties, Calderon’, s theorem, etc., is transferred over the pseudosymmetric case. Examples are given for pseudosymmetric spaces. The quasi-symmetric spaces expand the scope of the application of symmetric space results.

In this paper, we discuss the inheritance of strict convexity, uniform convexity and local uniform convexity by the quotient spaces of metric linear spaces. We also show that, as in the case of normed linear spaces, completeness is a three-space property in metric linear spaces as well.